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Market equilibrium

Equilibrium is the price at which the quantity buyers want exactly equals the quantity sellers offer. There is no shortage and no surplus, so there is no pressure for the price to move.

Key ideas

  • Above equilibrium: a surplus builds up and pushes the price down.
  • Below equilibrium: a shortage forms and pulls the price up.
  • Shifts in supply or demand create a new equilibrium price and quantity.

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